Bali is the name of a province in Indonesia, and also the name of the largest island that is part of the province. Besides consists of the island of Bali, Bali Province region also consists of the islands smaller in the vicinity, namely the island of Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan, Nusa Island and Island Ceningan attack.Bali lies between Java and Lombok. Denpasar is the provincial capital located in the south of the island. The majority of Balinese are Hindu. In the world famous Bali as a tourist destination with a unique variety of art-culture, especially for the Japanese and Australian tourists. Bali is also known as the Island of the Gods and Island of Thousand Temples.BALI ISLAND HISTORICAL ORIGINSThe prehistoricPrehistory Bali is the beginning of the history of the people of Bali, which is characterized by social life in those days were not familiar with writing. While in prehistoric times is not known writings to write a history of his life, but the evidence of life in the community at the time, it can also recounted the day the situation is taking place in prehistoric time period is long enough, then the evidence has been discovered to date is certainly not able to meet all our expectations.Thanks to the diligent and skilled foreign experts especially from the Dutch and the sons of Indonesia the development of prehistoric times in Bali even brighter. Attention to Bali kekunaan first given by a naturalist Georg Eberhard Rumpf named, in 1705, published in his book Amboinsche Reteitkamer. As a pioneer in archaeological research in Bali is WOJ Nieuwenkamp who visited Bali in 1906 as a painter. He is on a journey to explore Bali. And gives the following notes about nekara Pejeng, Trunyan, and Pura Bukit Writing. Attention to this Pejeng nekara Crucq followed by KC in 1932 who managed to find three parts mold nekara Pejeng in Pura village Manuaba, Tegallalang.Prehistoric Research in Bali followed by Dr. H.A.R. van Heekeren the article titled Sarcopagus results on Bali in 1954. In 1963 the son of Indonesian prehistory experts Drs. R.P. Soejono doing excavation was carried out in a sustainable manner, namely 1973, 1974, 1984, 1985. Based on the results of research that has been done on finding objects that come from the Gulf beach Gilimanuk believed that the location of Site Gilimanuk is a fishing village from time perundagian in Bali. In this place now stands a museum.Based on the evidence that has been found until now in Bali, Balinese society or Bali in prehistoric times can be divided into:The period of hunting and gathering simple levelThe period of hunting and gathering food advancedFuture farmingPeriod perundagianHUNTING AND GATHERING THE LEVEL OF SIMPLE FOODThe remains of the earliest known cultures with studies conducted since 1960 by found in Sambiran (Buleleng the east), and on the east and southeast of Lake Batur (Kintamani) stone tools are classified handheld hatchet, ax impact, shaved and so on. Stone tools were found in both areas is now stored in the Museum Gedong Arca in Bedulu, Gianyar.The life of the population in this period is quite simple, entirely dependent on the natural environment. They live wander from place to place (nomads). The areas chosen are areas containing food and water supplies are sufficient to ensure its survival. Living hunt carried out by small groups and the results are shared. Task hunting done by men, because this work requires considerable power to face all dangers that might occur. Women's only duty is to complete the work light as gathering food from the natural surroundings. Until now there has been little proof of whether people in those days had to know the language as a tool tells each other.Although the evidence contained in the Bali incomplete, but the evidence found in Pacitan (East Java) however it can be used as guidelines. Experts estimate that the stone tools of Pacitan its contemporaries and has many similarities with the stone tools of Sembiran, produced by human kind. Pithecanthropus erectus or offspring. Then perhaps the new tools of Sambiran produced by human kind Pithecanthropus or offspring.THE HUNTING AND GATHERING FOOD ADVANCEDDuring this mode of life that comes from the past are still influential. Life of hunting and gathering food contained about continuing in nature is evident from the form of the instrument are made of stone, bone and shells. Evidence of human life in the mesolithik been found in 1961 in Cave Selonding, Pecatu (Badung). The cave is located in the mountains of limestone in Benoa peninsula. In this area there is a larger cave Karang Boma cave, but the cave is not given the evidence of a life that once took place there. Cave discovered in excavations Selonding tools consists of tools and shaved flakes of stone and a number of tools from the bones. Among the bone tools, there are several lencipan muduk is a tool along the 5 cm of both ends sharpened.Such tools are also found in several caves the South Sulawesi Toala level of cultural development and well-known in Eastern Australia. Beyond Bali found painting cave walls, depicting the social and economic life and public trust at that time. The paintings on the walls of the cave or rock walls, among others, in the form of hand labeling, hog deer, birds, humans, boats, symbol of the sun, painting the eyes and so on. Several other paintings were more developed at a later tradition and meaning becomes clearer also include paintings such as those lizards on the island of Seram and Papua, probably means magical power which is considered as an incarnation of the spirit of ancestors or chiefs.THE farmingCultivation period of birth through a long process and can not be separated from prehistoric human endeavor in meeting their needs in times before. Neolithic period is very important in the history of the development of society and civilization, because at this time in the form of some new discovery control of natural resources is accelerating. Livelihoods gathering food (food gathering) changed to produce food (food producing). This change actually means a lot considering the consequences are very deep and extends into the economy and culture.The remnants of the farming life in Bali which include square stone axes in different sizes, and panarah belincung tree. Kern theory and the theory of Von Heine-Geldern is known that the ancestors of Austronesian peoples, who started coming in our islands about 2000 years BC was the Neolithic era. Culture has two branches is rectangular axes branches that spread from Asia through the western plains and legacy primarily located in the western part of Indonesia and hatchet shaped that spread through the eastern-legacy and heritage of the eastern part of our country's uniform. Supporters of Neolithic culture (rectangular axes) are Austronesian peoples and the first wave of displacement was followed by a second wave of displacement occurred in the bronze age about 500 BC The move to the Austronesian peoples of Southeast Asia in particular by using the well-known types of outrigger canoes at this time. At this time allegedly growing trade with the exchange of goods (barter) are required. In this case it is necessary as a related language. The experts found that the Indonesian language in this period is known as the Malay or Polynesian language as Austronesian.THE perundagianDuring the Neolithic human remains reside in groups and organize their lives according to the needs of converged produces its own food (agriculture and livestock). Permanent residence in the future, man-power effort to increase its activities in order to achieve maximum results in meeting their needs.In this age of human kind that inhabit Indonesia can be seen from the findings of the remains of the framework of the various places, the most important of which are the findings of Anyer Lor (Bantam), Puger (East Java), Gilimanuk (Bali) and Melolo (Sumbawa ). From the findings of numerous skeletons exhibit human characteristics. While the discovery in Gilimanuk by the number of skeletons found 100 pieces show strong Mongoloid characteristics as seen on the teeth and face. In order to humans Gilimanuk visible dental disease and arthritis are common in humans when it is.Based on the evidence that has been found to be known that the people of Bali at the time of burial traditions perundagian has developed a certain way. The first burial is to use a coffin or sarcophagus made of rocks are soft or hard. The way is to use the burial jars made from clay found on the beach as Gilimanuk (Jembrana). Finding objects in this place turned out to be enough to attract attention among which there are nearly 100 pieces of human skeletons adults and children, in a state of complete and incomplete. The tradition of burying the jars were also found in Anyar (Banten), Sabbang (South Sulawesi), Selayar, Rote and Melolo (Sumba). Outside Indonesia is growing tradition in the Philippines, Thailand, Japan and Korea.Megalithik culture is a culture that mainly produces buildings of large rocks. These stones have usually worked fine, just a rough trim to get the required shape. in Bali megalithik tradition still seems to live and function in today's society. The important finding is that the form of standing stones (menhirs) contained in Pancering Jagat Pura Gede queen in Trunyan. In the temple there is a statue in the so-called Da Tonta statues that have characteristics that come from the tradition megalithik. This statue is almost 4 feet tall. Other findings are in Sembiran (Buleleng), known as the ancient Balinese village, besides villages Trunyan and Tenganan. Tradition megalithik Sembiran village can be seen in sham locals worshiped until today. of 20 pieces 17 pieces pura pura apparently shows megalithik forms and generally made simple. Among them was shaped terraces, stone stand in palinggih and some are only a stone arrangement.Other findings are important as well is in the form of buildings contained megalithik Gelgel (Klungkung). Findings are important in the village is a statue menhir Gelgel is contained in Panataran Jro Pura Agung. Menhir statue is made of stone with female genital protrusion containing religious values are important as a symbol of fertility that can give life to the community.HINDU RELIGION influxDuring the Neolithic human remains reside in groups and organize their lives according to the needs of converged produces its own food (agriculture and livestock). Permanent residence in the future, man-power effort to increase its activities in order to achieve maximum results in meeting their needs.In this age of human kind that inhabit Indonesia can be seen from the findings of the remains of the framework of the various places, the most important of which are the findings of Anyer Lor (Bantam), Puger (East Java), Gilimanuk (Bali) and Melolo (Sumbawa ). From the findings of numerous skeletons exhibit human characteristics. While the discovery in Gilimanuk by the number of skeletons found 100 pieces show strong Mongoloid characteristics as seen on the teeth and face. In order to humans Gilimanuk visible dental disease and arthritis are common in humans when it is.Based on the evidence that has been found to be known that the people of Bali at the time of burial traditions perundagian has developed a certain way. The first burial is to use a coffin or sarcophagus made of rocks are soft or hard. The way is to use the burial jars made from clay found on the beach as Gilimanuk (Jembrana). Finding objects in this place turned out to be enough to attract attention among which there are nearly 100 pieces of human skeletons adults and children, in a state of complete and incomplete. The tradition of burying the jars were also found in Anyar (Banten), Sabbang (South Sulawesi), Selayar, Rote and Melolo (Sumba). Outside Indonesia is growing tradition in the Philippines, Thailand, Japan and Korea.Megalithik culture is a culture that mainly produces buildings of large rocks. These stones have usually worked fine, just a rough trim to get the required shape. in Bali megalithik tradition still seems to live and function in today's society. The important finding is that the form of standing stones (menhirs) contained in Pancering Jagat Pura Gede queen in Trunyan. In the temple there is a statue in the so-called Da Tonta statues that have characteristics that come from the tradition megalithik. This statue is almost 4 feet tall. Other findings are in Sembiran (Buleleng), known as the ancient Balinese village, besides villages Trunyan and Tenganan. Tradition megalithik Sembiran village can be seen in sham locals worshiped until today. of 20 pieces 17 pieces pura pura apparently shows megalithik forms and generally made simple. Among them was shaped terraces, stone stand in palinggih and some are only a stone arrangement.Other findings are important as well is in the form of buildings contained megalithik Gelgel (Klungkung). Findings are important in the village is a statue menhir Gelgel is contained in Panataran Jro Pura Agung. Menhir statue is made of stone with female genital protrusion containing religious values are important as a symbol of fertility that can give life to the community.PERIOD 1343-1846ARRIVAL EKSPEDISI ELEPHANT MADAGajah Mada expedition to Bali Bali performed at the time of the kingdom ruled by King Astasura Ratna Bedahulu with Earth Banten and Patih Kebo Iwa. By first killing Kebo Iwa, Gajah Mada led the expedition with the Commander Arya Damar, assisted by several people arya. This attack resulted in a battle between the forces of Gajah Mada with Bedahulu kingdom. This battle resulted Bedahulu king and his son died. Once airborne Grigis surrender, there was a vacuum of government in Bali. To that end, the Majapahit appointed Sri Krishna Kepakisan to lead the government in Bali with the consideration that Sri Krishna Kepakisan have blood relations with the Bali Aga. From here begins Kepakisan dynasty.PERIOD GelgelDue to the incompetence of Agra Samprangan king Raden Raden Samprangan replaced by Dalem Ketut Ngulesir. By Dalem Ketut Ngulesir, the seat of government moved to Gelgel (read / gɛl'gɛl /). At this beginning period Gelgel and King Dalem Ketut Ngulesir is the first king. The second king is Dalem Watu Renggong (1460-1550). Dalem Watu Renggong up the royal throne with stable inheritance so that he can develop the skills and authority to prosper Gelgel kingdom. Under the rule Renggong Watu, Bali (Gelgel) reached its peak. After Dalem Watu Renggong died he was succeeded by Bekung Dalem (1550-1580), while the last king of Dalem At times Gelgel is Made (1605-1686).KINGDOM AGE KLUNGKUNGKlungkung kingdom is actually a continuation of the dynasty Gelgel. Rebellion I Gusti Agung Maruti apparently has ended Period Gelgel. It happened because after son Dalem Di Made adults and can beat I Gusti Agung Maruti, palaces Gelgel not restored. Gusti Agung Jambe as the son of a right to the throne, appeared unwilling to reign in Gelgel, but chose a new place as the center of government, namely the former hideout in Semarapura.Thus, Dewa Agung Jambe (1710-1775) was the first king of Klungkung age. The second King Supreme Deity In Made I, while the latter is the king of Klungkung Supreme Deity In Made II. At the time of Klungkung kingdom's territory split into small kingdoms. This little kingdom went on to become autonomous (pieces of eight) were at the time of independence known as districts.KINGDOM - KINGDOM fractions KLUNGKUNGKingdom of Badung, which later became the Badung regency.Mengwi kingdom, which later became the District Mengwi.Bangli kingdom, which later became the District Bangli.Buleleng kingdom, which later became the Buleleng regency.Kingdom of Gianyar, which later became the Gianyar regency.Karangasem kingdom, which later became the Karangasem regency.Klungkung kingdom, which later became the Klungkung regency.Kingdom of Tabanan, which later became the Tabanan regency.Kingdom of Denpasar, the then Municipality DenpasarTHE 1846 - 1949In this period began to enter the Dutch intervention in Bali in order to "pacification" of the entire area of the archipelago. In the process inadvertently arouse nationalist sentiment Indonesia, the areas that have not been addressed by the administration of Batavia tried to master and united under administration. Dutch go to Bali due to several things: a couple of royal rule in Bali are considered to interfere with Dutch trade interests, refusal to accept monopoly Bali at Batavia, and request assistance from Lombok Island residents who felt unfairly treated by the rulers (from Bali).OPPOSITION TO THE PEOPLE - THE NETHERLANDSThis period represents the resistance to the arrival of the Dutch in Bali. Resistance-resistance is characterized by the eruption of wars in Bali. Resistance-resistance can be described as follows:Buleleng War (1846)Jagaraga War (1848 - 1849)Kusamba War (1849)Banjar War (1868)Puputan Badung (1906)Puputan Klungkung (1908)With the Dutch victory in the entire war and the fall of the kingdom of Klungkung to the Dutch, it means a whole Bali has fallen into the hands of the Dutch.Dutch colonial eraSince the kingdom of Buleleng fell into the hands of Dutch Dutch government began to take care about the government interfering in Bali. This is done by changing the name of the king as ruler of the area as regent for Buleleng and Jembrana and put the PL Van Bloemen Waanders as controleur the first in Bali.The structure of government in Bali is still rooted in the traditional governance structure, which keep the traditional leadership in implementing the government in these areas. For in Bali, the position of the king is the highest, which at the time of colonial rule accompanied by a controleur. In the area of accountability, the king directly responsible to the Resident of Bali and Lombok, located in Singaraja, while for South Bali, kings are responsible to the Assistant Resident domiciled in Denpasar.To meet the needs of the administration, the Dutch government has opened a grammar school the first in Bali, which is in Singaraja (1875) known as Tweede Klasse School. In 1913 it opened a school by the name of Erste Inlandsche School and then followed by a Dutch school by the name of Hollands Inlandshe School (HIS) that students mostly from the children of the rich and noble.The birth ORGANIZATION MOVEMENTDue to the influence of education obtained, the young students and some people who have a job in the city of Singaraja initiated to establish an association with the name "Suita Gama Tirta" which aims to promote the Balinese in the world of science with religion. Unfortunately this is not burumur long association. Then some teachers who are still hungry to establish an association of religious education called "Shanti" in 1923. This society has a magazine named "Shanti Adnyana" which later became "Bali Adnyana".In 1925, Singaraja also founded an association called "magnifying glass" and has a magazine called "magnifying glass". Such associations Shanti, magnifying glass wants Balinese progress in the field of knowledge and eliminate customs that are not in accordance with the times. Meanwhile, in Karangasem born an association named "Satya Samudaya Baudanda Bali Lombok" whose members consist of civil servants and the public in order to save and raise money for the benefit of studiefonds.JAPANESE OCCUPATION AGEAfter several battles, the Japanese army landed on Sanur Beach on December 18 and February 19, 1942. Of course this Sanur Denpasar Japanese troops entered the city without experiencing any resistance. Then, this is the Japanese master of Denpasar Bali. At first that laid the foundation of Japanese power in Bali was the Japanese Army (Rikugun). Then, when the atmosphere is unstable control of government handed over to a civilian government.Because during the Japanese occupation of the atmosphere is in a state of war, all activities are directed at the war effort. The youths are trained to be soldiers Homeland Defenders (PETA). For Bali, the MAP was formed in January 1944 a program and terms of education adapted to the MAP in Java.INDEPENDENCE DAYFollowing the proclamation of Indonesian independence, on August 23, 1945, Mr. I Gusti Ketut Puja arrived in Bali with a mandate appointment as Governor of the Lesser Sunda. Since his arrival here in Bali Indonesia Independence Proclamation began to be disseminated down to the villages. At that began preparations were held to realize the structure of government in Bali as the Lesser Sunda with its capital Singaraja.Since the landing of NICA in Bali, Bali has always been a battle arena. In that battle RI troops using guerrilla system. Therefore, as a parent MBO forces are always moving. To strengthen the defense in Bali, brought relief from Java ALRI which then merge into force in Bali. Because of frequent battles, the Dutch had sent a letter to Rai to negotiate. However, the fighters are not willing to Bali, and even continues to strengthen its defense to include all people.To facilitate contact with Java, Rai never took a ploy to move the Dutch attention to eastern Bali. On May 28, 1946 Rai deploying troops to the east and is known as the "Long March". Held during the "Long March" that the guerrillas are ambushed by the Dutch troops that are fighting. The battle that brought victory in the fighter is Tanah Arun battle, ie the battle that took place in a small village on the slopes of Mount Agung, Karangasem regency. In Tanah Arun battle which occurred July 9, 1946 that the Dutch are becoming victims. After the fighting forces Ngurah Rai back to the west and then up in the village of Marga (Tabanan). To further conserve energy because of limited weapons, some members had sent troops to fight together with the community.Puputan MargaranaAt the time of the MBO staff were Marga, I Gusti Ngurah Rai ordered his troops to seize the arms NICA police in the city of Tabanan. The order was held on 18 November 1946 (evening) and did well. Some of the weapons and their ammunition can be taken and a police commander NICA join forces join themselves to Ngurah Rai. After that the troops immediately returned to the village of Marga. On 20 November 1946 since early morning Dutch troops begin nengadakan confinement against Marga. Approximately 10.00 am start shooting occurred between Nica force with force Ngurah Rai. In a thrilling battle that forces the front of many Dutch who were killed. Therefore, the Dutch soon bring relief from all the soldiers who were in Bali plus the bombers came from Makassar. In the fierce battle that all squad members Ngurah Rai was determined not to give up until the death. This is where the Ngurah Rai force held a "Puputan" or all-out war in the village so that army numbering Margarana 96 people were all killed, including Ngurah Rai himself. In contrast, in the Netherlands there are approximately 400 people were killed. To commemorate the event on the 20th of november 1946 Margarana bellows familiar with war, and now the former battlefield monument was erected hero worship of the Park.CONFERENCE DENPASAROn 7 until December 24, 1946, took place at the conference hall Denpasar Bali Hotel. The conference was opened by Hubertus Johannes van Mook which aims to establish the State of East Indonesia (NIT) with a capital of Makassar (Ujung Pandang).With the formation of the State of East Indonesia was the structure of government in Bali turned back as in the days of the kings, the government held by the king, assisted by the governor, courtier, perbekel, and the government is kelian bottom. In addition, there are still a board based on the king, the council of kings.DELIVERY KEDULATANThe first military aggression against the Republic of Indonesia pemeritahan forces based in Yogyakarta dilancarakan by the Netherlands on July 21, 1947. Dutch launched a second aggression again December 18, 1948. In the second aggression was in Bali constantly sought the establishment of agencies are guerrilla struggle more effective. In this connection, in July 1948 can be formed organizations struggle with the name People's Movement Indonesia Movement (GRIM). Subsequently, on 27 November 1949, Grim joined other organizations struggle with the name of Continued Struggle. The name was later changed to the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PDRI) Lesser Sunda.Meanwhile, the Round Table Conference (RTC) on the approval of the establishment of the Union Indonesia - Netherlands started since the end of August 1949. Finally, December 27, 1949 the Dutch recognized RIS sovereignty. Subsequently, on August 17, 1950, RIS changed to the Republic of Indonesia.LIST OF DISTRICT AND THE CITY IN BALINo. District / City Capital1 Badung Badung2 District Bangli Bangli3 Buleleng Lovina4 Gianyar Gianyar5 of Jembrana State6 Karangasem regency of Karangasem7 Klungkung Klungkung8 Tabanan Tabanan9 Denpasar -LIST OF GOVERNORS BALI1. Great grand child Sutedja: years 1950 - 19582. I Gusti Bagus Oka: years 1958 - 19593. Great grand child Sutedja: years 1959 - 19654. I Gusti putu martha: years 1965 - 19675. Soekarmen: years 1967 - 19786. Prof. Dr. Ida Bagus mantra: the year 1978 - 19887. Prof. Dr. Ida nice oka: years 1988 - 19938. Drs. Dewa Made Beratha: year 1993 - 20089. I Made Mangku Pastika: year 2008 - 2013
BALI ISLAND BIODATA:Boundaries:- North: Bali Sea- South: Ocean Indonesia- West: East Java- East: West Nusa Tenggara ProvinceBali Anniversary: August 14, 1959Capital: Denpasar (Formerly Singaraja)Coordinates: 9 ° 0 '- 7 ° 50' LS114 º 0 '- 116 º 0' ELand area: 5634 km2Web Site: www.baliprov.go.idLocal Songs: Bali JagaddhitaTaken from wikipedia Indonesia
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